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@#Objective To observe the relationship between 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in KCNQ1 gene region and the effects of exercise intervention on prediatbets. Methods From January, 2015, 70 prediabetes accepted aerobic endurance exercise for twelve weeks. The indexes related to glucose and lipid metabolism were measured before and after intervention. Their genotypes of SNPs were detected with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Results A total of 66 cases finished the tests. Compared with other genotypes of rs2299620, two hours postprandial blood glucose (P2hBG) decreased the most in those with TT genotype (F=5.460, P<0.05). Compared with other haplotypes, P2hBG decreased more in those with C-T haplotype of rs2237897-rs2299620, T-C haplotype of rs2299620-rs151290 and T-T haplotype of rs2299620-rs2237892 (χ2>7.950, P<0.05), fasting insulin decreased more in those with T-C haplotype of rs2237897-rs2299620 (χ2=9.000, P<0.05), and low density lipoprotein decreased more in those with A-C haplotype of rs2283228-rs2237892 (χ2=15.820, P<0.001).Conclusion The prediatbets with TT genotype of rs2299620 and some haplotypes of KCNQ1 are susceptible to exercise intervention in glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Objective To explore the effects and related mechanism of Exendin-4 on secretion of extracellular matrix in high glucose-induced glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs). Methods GMCs were incubated in medium with glucose or Exendin-4 for the four groups: normal glucose group(NG group): cells were treated in medium with 5.6 mmol/L glucose; NG with Exendin-4 treatment group(NGE group): cells were treated with 5.6 mmol/L glucose and Exendin-4; high glucose group(HG group): cells were cultured with 30 mmol/L glucose; HG with Exendin-4 treatment group(HGE group): cells were treated with 30 mmol/L glucose and Exendin-4 at concentration of 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 nmol/L separately, which were cultured for 12, 24, 48 hours. GMCs treated with Exendin-4 were determined by assessing proliferation using a CCK8 method. The levels of fibronectin(FN), collagen type Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ)in the cell supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The gene levels of Col-Ⅳ, FN, and expression of inflammatory mediators including monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)were evaluated using reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR); The expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB), glucagon-like peptide-l receptor(GLP-1R), and phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)were evaluated by Western blot. Results(1)After treatment with 10 nmol/L Exendin-4 for 24 hour, the proliferation rate of GMCs was significantly decreased compared with 3 nmol/L, 5 nmol/L Exendin-4 treatment(P0.05). (2)The gene expression of FN, Col-Ⅳ and the inflammatory mediators, MCP-1, TNF-α, ICAM-1, TGF-β1 in HG group were significantly increased compared with the NG group,(all P<0.05). After treatment with Exendin-4, the levels of FN, Col-Ⅳ and the gene expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, TGF-β1 were decreased(all P<0.05). (3)Compared with NG group, the expression of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases(p-Erk1/2), Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK)and, p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)in the group of HG group were increased significantly, accompanied by the decrease of GLP-1R protein level(all P<0.05). Importantly, Exendin-4 treatment significantly reduced protein expression of p-Erk1/2, p-JNK, and NF-κB(all P<0.05), and the level of GLP-1R protein increased(P<0.05). Furthermore, specific Erk1/2, JNK or NF-κB inhibitors markedly blocked Exendin-4-mediated decrease in the levels of FN, Col-Ⅳ. Conclusion Exendin-4 treatment inhibits the secretion of extracellular matrix potentially through Erk1/2, JNK/NF-κB signaling in higher glucose induced GMCs.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of the monitoring of electronic cardiac index (CI) in the evaluation of neonatal congenital heart disease complicated with heart failure. Methods Sixty neonates with congenital heart disease treated in neonatal department from March 1, 2016 to December 30, 2016 were selected, and divided into severe group (n=11), moderate group (n=15), mild group (n=34), and no heart failure group (n=10) according to the modified Ross heart failure score. CI was measured by electronic force measurement. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were measured by echocardiography. Venous blood sampling was collected to detect the N-terminal type B brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Results The neonates in the severe group were mainly under 2-week-old, while those in the mild group and the moderate group were more than 2-week-old. The differences of CI, LVEF, NT-proBNP, and PAP among the groups were statistically different. The CI and LVEF values were lowest in the severe group, followed by moderate group and mild group, and the highest in no heart failure group. The NT-proBNP and PAP values were the highest in the severe group, followed by moderate group and mild group, and the lowest in no heart failure group. Correlation analysis showed that CI was positively correlated with LVEF (r=0.845, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with NT-proBNP (r=-0.886, P<0.001); CI and PAP were weakly negatively correlated (r=-0.595, P<0.001). Conclusions CI reflects the degree of heart failure to some extent and has some clinical value.
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Objective To explore the clinical value of the monitoring of electronic cardiac index (CI) in the evaluation of neonatal congenital heart disease complicated with heart failure. Methods Sixty neonates with congenital heart disease treated in neonatal department from March 1, 2016 to December 30, 2016 were selected, and divided into severe group (n=11), moderate group (n=15), mild group (n=34), and no heart failure group (n=10) according to the modified Ross heart failure score. CI was measured by electronic force measurement. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were measured by echocardiography. Venous blood sampling was collected to detect the N-terminal type B brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Results The neonates in the severe group were mainly under 2-week-old, while those in the mild group and the moderate group were more than 2-week-old. The differences of CI, LVEF, NT-proBNP, and PAP among the groups were statistically different. The CI and LVEF values were lowest in the severe group, followed by moderate group and mild group, and the highest in no heart failure group. The NT-proBNP and PAP values were the highest in the severe group, followed by moderate group and mild group, and the lowest in no heart failure group. Correlation analysis showed that CI was positively correlated with LVEF (r=0.845, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with NT-proBNP (r=-0.886, P<0.001); CI and PAP were weakly negatively correlated (r=-0.595, P<0.001). Conclusions CI reflects the degree of heart failure to some extent and has some clinical value.
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Objective To observe the effect of Radix astragali (RA) on myocardial connexin-43 in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods The dilated cardiomyopathy model in rat was established through intraperitoneal injection with adriamycin. The rats in the model group were randomly divided into RA group and the model control group according to different methods of administration. Rats in RA group were gavaged with Astragalus particles and double-distilled water, and rats in model control group and normal control group were gavaged with an equal amount of double-distilled water daily for four weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured with echocardiogram. The Cx43 mRNA level was tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemical method was used to observe myocardial Cx43 expression and distribution. Results Compared with the model control group, the Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions and LVEF were increased signiifcantly in RA group (P<0.05). The disorders in distribution of myocardial Cx43 improved in RA group in contrast to the model control group. Conclusions Radix astragali can improve myocardial Cx43 expression and distribution in DCM rats, and can further improve the cardiac function.
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Objective To analyze changes in lactic acid level in patients with late-onset intracranial hematoma after craniocerebral injury and investigate their relativity.Methods Forty-eight patients with late-onset intracranial hematoma after craniocerebral injury treated in our hospital between May 2009 and December 2012 were enrolled as observation group.There were 32 males and 16 females.Moreover,50 cases checked up in our hospital during the same period were studied as health population controls,including 35 males and 15 females.Level of lactic acid was measured on admission,at the time of definite diagnosis as well as at days 7 and 14 after treatment and compared between groups.Results Level of lactic acid was (1.77 ±0.21) mmol/L in control group and (1.82 ± 0.25) mmol/L in observation group respectively on admission (t =1.070,P ＞ 0.05) ; Level of lactic acid was (3.32 ± 0.89) mmol/L in observation group at the time of definite diagnosis,which increased to (3.74 ± 1.16) mmol/L at days 7 after treatment and decreased to (1.89 ±0.75) mmol/L at days 14 after treatment.When diagnosed and treated for 7 days,level of lactic acid differed significantly between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Level of lactic acid related to craniocerebral injury at each time point,but higher correlation coefficient was observed at the time of definite diagnosis and 7 days after treatment with 0.986 and 0.989 respectively.Conclusion Level of lactic acid relates to late-onset intracranial hematoma after craniocerebral injury,which can be used as reference for progression of the disease.
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Objective To examine the expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 in blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) after spinal cord injury about rat. Methods One hundred-twenty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group (60) and injured group (60). The animal model of spinal cord injury was established using modified Allen method. The expression of claudin-5 in BSCB was examined at 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d (five rats per time point). Western blot and RT_PCR were used to detect protein and mRNA expression levels of claudin-5, respectively. Results The success rate of spinal cord injury molding was 81.7%. In injured group, EB content increased gradually over time, reached the peak at the third day(0.9435 ± 0.0813)μg/g and then reduced gradually (P<0.05), EB content was signifi-cantly higher in injured group than in blank group. Claudin-5 mRNA expression in injured group reduced gradually over time and reached the lowest point at the third day(2.871 ± 0.527)and then increased gradually(P<0.05). Claudin-5 mRNA expression was significantly lower in injured group than in blank group(P<0.05). Claudin-5 protein expression in injured group reduced gradually over time, reached the lowest at the third day(0.072 ±0.008)and then increased gradually (P<0.05). Claudin- 5 protein expression was significantly lower in injured group than in blank group(P<0.05). Con-clusions The alteration of claudin-5 expression after SCI may lead to the permeability of BSCB, which may in turn con-tribute to the secondary spinal cord injury.
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Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of methoxsalen and dexamethasone acetate in compound methoxsalen lotions. Methods:An HPLC method was used. The determination was performed on a Sunfire C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm ) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water ( 60∶40 ) at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was kept at 30℃, the detection wavelength was set at 240nm and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:Methoxsalen and dexamethasone acetate showed good linear relationship within the range of 12.71-101.68 mg·L-1(r=0.999 9) and 10.03-80.25 mg·L-1(r=0. 999 7) with the average recovery of 99. 32%(RSD=0. 11%, n=9 ) and 99. 63%(RSD=0. 20%,n=9) , respectively. Conclu-sion:The method is simple, accurate and repeatable, and suitable for the determination of methoxsalen and dexamethasone acetate in compound methoxsalen lotions.
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Objective To study the effects of methylprednisolone on the permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and claudin-5 expression after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods The rat model of spinal cord injury was estab?lished using modified Allen method. SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, spinal cord injury group and methylprednisolone pretreatment group. The permeability of BSCB and expression of claudin–5 were assessed at 12 h, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d after the onset of spinal cord injury (five animals per each time point). RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of claudin-5. Results The success rate of the model was 84.0%. EB content was sig?nificantly higher in spinal cord injury group than in sham-operated group at each time point (F value 27.732,P was lower in spinal cord injury group than in sham operated group at each time point (Fvalue 18.108,P<0.05). The pro?tein expression of Claudin-5 was higher in methylprednisolone pretreatment group than spinal cord injury group at each time point (F value 20.247,P<0.05). Conclusions Methylprednisolone improves permeability of BSCB after spinal cord injury probably through enhancing claudin-5 expression in rats.
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Objective To investigate the effect of neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor on the blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeabili-ty and hydrocephalus in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) .Methods 99 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group , the TBI group and the intervention group(dividing into 5 sub-groups:6 ,24 ,48 ,72 ,168 h) .The hydraulic impact model of rats was duplicated .Sivelestat sodium was given in the intervention group .The NE concentration in the brain tissue ,BBB permeability and brain water content were detected in each group and performed the comparative analysis .Results The NE concentration in the brain tissue ,BBB permeability and brain water content at each timepoint in the TBI group and the intervention groups were higher than those in the control group .The NE concentration at 24 ,48 ,72 ,168 h in the intervention group was lower than that in the TBI group .The BBB permeability and the brain water content at 48 ,72 ,168 h in the intervention group were lower than those in the TBI group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Sivelestat sodium can inhibit the NE release in TBI rat brain tissue ,reduce the BBB permeability and the occurrence of hydrocephalus ,which indicating that sivelestat sodium has the protective effect on TBI secondary lesion in rat .
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Objective To investigate the correlation of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene polymorphism with AT1R expression levels and brain edema after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage .Methods 45 operative patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical Univercity from December 2011 to August 2012 were collected as the experimental group and 45 operative patients with refractory epilepsy weres selected as the control group .The venous blood in the two groups were collected for detecting the AT 1R gene polymorphism ;The brain tissue was taken from lesions in operation ,then AT1R mRNA concentration was determined by RT-PCR and the AT1R protein level was determined by Western blot ;Head CT was performed on postoperative 1 ,3 ,5 d;the degree of cerebral edema was reflected by CT value . Results The levels of two kinds of genotype AT1R mRNA in the experimental group had no statistically significant difference(P>0 .05);the operative area CT value of AC genotype was significantly lower than that of AA genotype with statistical difference (P<0 .05);the ATIRmRNA of various genotypes ,protein level and cerebral edema in the control group had no statistical differences . Conclusion The AT 1R gene polymorphism has no obvious correlation with the concentration expression of AT 1R mRNA in the brain tis-sue;there is correlation between AT 1R protein level and AT 1R protein level and the cerebral edema degree in the brain tissue .
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of standard large decompressive craniotomy in treatment of intracranial hematoma induced by severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and its influence on neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and inflammatory cytokines.Methods A total of 168 patients with sTBI-induced intracranial hematoma were assigned to standard large decompressive craniotomy (standard group) and traditional treatment (control group),with 84 patients per group.Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and levels of serum NSE,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 were compared between the two groups after surgery.Results GOS was better in standard group than in control group after surgery (P ＜0.05).Standard group presented significantly lower levels of serum NSE,TNF-α and IL-6 (P ＜ 0.05),significantly higher level of IL-10 (P ＜ 0.05) and a dropped ratio of IL-6 to IL-10 after surgery.However,there was no significant change in control group.Mean survival time of the patients in standard group was (33.11 ± 0.62) months.Two-year and three-year survival rate were significantly higher in standard group than in control group.Conclusion Standard large decompressive craniotomy cna enhance the clinical effects in patients with sTBI-induced intracranial hematoma,improve their neurologic deficits and daily living ability and decrease their body inflammatory stress level and injury.
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Studies in recent years have demonstrated that there is close relationship between estrogen and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Estrogen affects the occurrence and development process of intracranial aneurysm through multiple pathways, thereby reducing the incidence of aneurysm rupture. Estrogen also alleviates vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Identifying the effects and their mechanisms of estrogen on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage may find a new drug target to prevent the occurrence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and the secondary injury.
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Type, mode of affiliating, mechanism of action of entrainer in Supercritical CO2 on extraction of Chinese traditional and herbal drugs were briefly reviewed. Application of entrainer in Supercritical CO2 on extraction of flavones, terpenes, sterols, and saponins in Chinese traditional and herbal drugs were recommended in particular. Some problems and directions in research of entrainer in Supercritical CO2 on extraction of Chinese traditional and herbal drugs were shown in this paper.